Ask the Experts Blog

Winter can be a bleak time for anyone suffering from seasonal affective disorder. This condition, also known as SAD, is a type of depression that sets in when the days begin to grow dark and cold in autumn. The depression lifts in the spring, when natural sunlight is more plentiful.

About five percent of American adults suffer from SAD. This condition affects women more than men. It is rarely found in children or young adults under age 20.

“SAD has a set pattern, and it tends to repeat itself about the same time each year,” says Trever Portenga, PA, a physician’s assistant at Stagg Medical Center. “That’s how doctors can distinguish it from other forms of depression.”

Symptoms of SAD include:

• Anxiety
• Craving for sweets or starchy foods
• Depression
• Difficulty concentrating
• Irritability
• Lack of energy
• Oversleeping
• Social withdrawal
• Weight gain  

A small percentage of people experience summer-onset SAD, which means their symptoms will begin in the early spring or summer. Symptoms of summer-onset SAD include hyperactivity, insomnia, weight-loss, and highly elevated mood.

“It’s not uncommon to have a few blue days in the dark, winter months,” said Dr. Portenga. “But if you experience depression year after year, just as winter approaches, you should see your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.”

Scientists believe SAD occurs when the brain doesn’t get enough sunlight to create a key chemical called serotonin, which regulates mood. One of the best treatments for SAD is light therapy.

“If you’re diagnosed with SAD, your doctor may recommend that you purchase a light box,” said Dr. Portenga. “Sitting in artificial light for about 30 minutes a day can significantly ease SAD symptoms.”

SAD may also be treated with anti-depressant medication, counseling, and lifestyle changes, such as getting more exercise, or simply learning to sit in a sunny spot on bright days.

“If you’re troubled by winter depression, don’t think you have to tough it out until spring,” said Dr. Portenga. “Many good treatment options can relieve SAD symptoms. Every moment is precious, so talk to your doctor about how you can fight SAD and enjoy even the cold, dark days of our Michigan winters.”